A fuel cell is an energy conversion device that converts chemical energy (hydrogen) into electricity using an electro-chemical reaction. The by-products of the reaction are water and heat. If the hydrogen used in the process is extracted using renewable energy, then fuel cells are no-emission devices. However, most hydrogen today is produced using natural gas which makes fuel cells low-emission devices. The chart below shows the various types of fuel cells. Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells are used in the automotive industry because they operate at a low temperature and are very efficient.
Picture from H-Tec.com
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